4) How do energy and nutrients flow through an ecosystem? Give an example of a food chain and a food web.


The living organisms in any ecosystem are made up of producers, consumers and decomposers. Energy and nutrients are transferred from producers to consumers to decomposers through feeding.


Most ecosystems depend on energy from the sun through photosynthesis. The energy the flows through the food chain to the primary consumers which are also known as herbivores. And then on to secondary and tertiary consumers. The energy is gradually used up as it pass through the ecosystem.


Inorganic nutrients, need not be supplied from outside the ecosystem. They are obtained from the abiotic environment and flow through the ecosystem in a cycle. Thus in a 'balanced' ecosystem, nutrients are continually recycled and are not lost.

The general form of a food chain:
PRODUCER->PRIMARY CONSUMER->SECONDARY CONSUMER->TERTIARY CONSUMER




In a community, food chains are interlinked to form a food web.

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